What is a mammogram?

A mammogram is a type of x-ray that is used to scan for breast diseases in women. Mammograms use a very low dose of radiation and are considered very safe. The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics uses a new enhanced mammography system called digital mammography, which allow physicians to view and manipulate the images of a mammogram on a computer screen instead of on traditional film screen mammograms. Digital mammography allows for better viewing of breast abnormalities in women younger than 50 years old, pre- or peri-menopausal women, and those with dense breasts, and also provides faster results.

Mammography scanner at UI Hospitals and Clinics

A radiologist looks at digital mammography images on computer screen.

The American Cancer Society recommends that all women age 40 and over receive a screening mammogram every year. A screening mammogram is an x-ray of the breast that is performed when there are no symptoms present and is used to detect breast cancer at its earliest stages. If a woman has a family history of breast cancer, her physician may recommend beginning screening mammograms earlier. If a woman is already experiencing symptoms, such as nipple discharge or a lump in the breast, a diagnostic mammogram will be performed. A diagnostic mammogram consists of taking additional x-rays that provide a closer look at the suspicious area.

What should I do to prepare for a mammogram?

• You will be asked to undress above the waist and will be given a hospital gown to cover you, so wear clothing that will be easy to change out of.
• Do not wear deodorant or talcum powder on the day of the exam. The ingredients in these products can cause distortions in the images.
• If you’ve had mammograms taken at other facilities, bring those films and records with you, or request to have them sent from the other facilities. These provide the radiologist with something to compare the current scans to.
• Bring a list of any medications and/or vitamins or herbal supplements you may be taking.

What can I expect during a mammogram?

The technologist will help position the breast on the platform of the mammography machine. A plastic plate will be lowered to compress and flatten out the breast tissue. This helps to keep the breast still while the scan is taking place, as well as provides a more detailed view of the breast tissue. You will be asked to remain still and hold your breath for a few seconds while the picture is taken. For screening mammograms, two scans of each breast will be taken, one from the top and one from the side. If it is a diagnostic mammogram, additional scans will be taken to provide the radiologist with a closer look at the suspicious area. Women generally experience discomfort during the procedure because the breast tissue is being compressed; however, the discomfort only lasts a few seconds.

Sometimes the radiologist will require additional scans of the breast if the image isn’t clear or if it looks supsicious. They may do another mammogram or they may recommend other radiological exams or procedures, such as a breast ultrasound or breast MRI.

When will I get my results?

The results of your screening mammogram will be mailed to you within 10 days. You will be notified if any additional tests are required. The results of your diagnostic mammogram will be given to you immediately after the exam.

For more information about breast cancer and breast imaging, please visit the American Cancer Society.