Feeling a little flaky? It's probably because your two or so yards of skin are telling you they need help to stay healthy in Iowa's cold, dry winter weather. And the older you are, the dryer your skin is.

Your skin is an amazing piece of protective gear. It's waterproof, flexible, and provides a barrier between you and the sometimes hostile outside environment. Without this protective covering, your life on earth would be impossible.

The top layer of the epidermis is made up of dead cells that serve as a waterproof barrier to the environment. Underneath the epidermis, the dermis provides a tough, flexible foundation, housing sweat and oil glands, blood vessels to help regulate body temperature, and nerve endings to send the sensations of pain, itch, touch, and temperature to the brain. The fat layer provides insulation and helps store calories.

"During the dry winter environment, the water in the top layer of your skin evaporates more rapidly. As the skin dries out, tiny cracks develop and the itching commences," says Kathi Madison, M.D., UI Hospitals and Clinics dermatologist.

There are several ways to prevent dry skin:

• Humidify your home. The more moisture in the air, the slower the water evaporates from the skin.
• Moisturize your skin. Read labels carefully. If the main ingredient is water, the benefits of the moisturizer will be short lived. Creams and ointments are generally more effective than lotions. Avoid using alcohol, calamine lotion, or powder--all three can dry out your skin.
• Prevent chapped skin by wearing hats, gloves, scarves.
• Be careful when washing. The combination of hot water and soap can dry your skin. Use a mild soap or a soap-free cleanser and follow your bath with a healthy layer of moisturizer.

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