Health Topics for Aging

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Geriatric Assessment Clinic

Hip fracture

A hip fracture is a break at the top of the bone in the thigh called the femur. A hip fracture is more common in women than in men, and is most common in the elderly. When a hip fractures, there is usually a popping or snapping sound, and the person falls. They are usually unable to get up and stand on that leg after falling.

Why does this happen so much to older adults? As we grow older, our bones get thinner and weaker as a result of a condition called osteoporosis. This is especially true for women after menopause. The risk continues to increase with advancing age.

Hip fractures are generally a result of falls, but can also result from auto accidents and other trauma. In some people with severe thinning of the bones, a hip fracture can occur during regular daily activities. Cancer, kidney disease, and some other diseases may make the bones weaker and more prone to breaking.

People with hip fractures may have pain in the hip or groin. Sometimes there is just pain in the knee, and not in the broken hip. The injured leg may turn out or look shorter than the non-injured leg.

Any time an elderly person falls and is unable to get up or stand on their leg, a hip fracture should be suspected. Do not try to move the person. Make them as comfortable as possible and call 911 or an emergency medical service immediately.

Surgery is almost always needed after a hip fracture. Pins, nails, screws, or rods are used to repair fractures. Sometimes the top part (the head) of the thighbone, which is the ball part of the hip joint, has to be replaced. The replacement part is called a prosthesis.

Many patients with hip fractures benefit from rehabilitation. Rehabilitation usually starts as soon as the person is admitted to the hospital. The person may be asked to start walking the day after their surgery. Rehabilitation may continue after the return home from the hospital. About two-thirds of older adults are expected to return to their usual level of activity after treatment of a fractured hip.

Hip fractures can be prevented. A healthcare provider may suggest calcium supplements and Vitamin D if they are needed. Weight- bearing exercises, such as walking or bicycling, help strengthen bones. Medications are available for the treatment of osteoporosis. If unsteady, use canes or walkers. Do not sit in chairs that lean back too far, since getting up from these chairs can be difficult. Have rails installed in showers, bathtubs, and staircases. Using a shower chair can also help avoid falls.

Estrogen or hormone replacement therapy after menopause has been shown to slow the bone thinning process. In the past, these therapies have been suggested for women at risk for osteoporosis. However, there are risks that go along with taking estrogen or hormone therapy. These risks along with the benefits must be discussed with a healthcare provider and a decision made based on the health history. Women already taking hormones for other reasons may find the hormones also help strengthen their bones. There are other medications and lifestyle changes that can be used to help prevent osteoporosis that do not carry the risks.

Last Reviewed 2005

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

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