Health Topics for Aging

Nursing Homes/Care Centers

Geriatric Assessment Clinic

Periodontal disease

Periodontal disease is an infection of the gums and other tissues that support the teeth.

Risks for Periodontal Disease include:

• lack of daily, thorough oral hygiene

• lack of professional cleaning on a regular basis

• a poorly balanced diet

• changes in tooth alignment and bite

• medications, especially those that cause dry mouth and

• medical conditions such as: poor nutrition, pregnancy, and certain diseases like diabetes, HIV, and some cancers

Periodontal disease begins with gingivitis. This is irritation of the gums due to plaque and tartar build-up. Plaque consists of bacteria, food debris, and saliva. Plaque forms a soft sticky paste on the surface of the gums and teeth. Good brushing will remove it temporarily. Soon after brushing, it begins to form again. Left on the teeth, plaque will harden (calcify). This creates tartar which is yellow or brown in color. Tartar is not easily removed and forms in layers, and this build-up is an ideal spot for more plaque and bacteria to grow.

Gingivitis affects approximately 80 to 90 percent of adults. Early on, it has no symptoms and it causes no pain. Later signs of gingivitis include:

• red swollen gums or

• bleeding when brushing or eating

Many people do not seek treatment for gingivitis, nor do they see the need for prevention. Left unchecked, though, gingivitis can progress to periodontal disease. At this stage, the gums begin to separate from the teeth. The supporting bone, which holds the teeth firm, begins to deteriorate. This can lead to loose teeth and even loss of healthy teeth.

Healthy gums require good oral hygiene. Regular professional dental care and daily brushing and flossing will help to prevent periodontal disease.

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