For most people, a minor insect bite or sting may cause a little swelling and itching. The site may be painful for a few hours. Bees, wasps, hornets, fire ants, and yellow jackets are the worst offenders. Mosquitoes, biting flies, and some spiders usually cause milder reactions. Everyone reacts to the toxic effects of insect venom, but some people may develop a very severe allergic reaction.
Most bites are not serious. Precautions can be taken to avoid getting stung. Most common sources of bites are: bees, spiders, ticks and mosquitoes.
Symptoms of insect bite allergy usually begin a few minutes after the sting or bite. Mildly sensitive people may have hives with intense itching and pain around the site as well as eye itching.
Very sensitive people may develop severe hives and life-threatening reactions. The symptoms may include:
- marked swelling of the lips or throat
- difficult breathing
- nausea, cramping, and vomiting
- hives
- confusion
- severe anxiety or
- fainting
For these severe reactions, call 911 immediately. Immediate treatment with adrenalin/epinephrine is needed. If the person carries an Epi-pen or Ana-kit, it should be used before EMS 911 arrives. Sometimes cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is needed. Later treatment may involve other medications.
If bitten by a spider or stung by a scorpion, apply a cloth-covered ice pack to the area and go to the emergency room. If it can be done safely, take the spider in a jar to the emergency room, so it can be identified.
Reactions that happen within minutes are more severe. Mild reactions may take up to 48 hours to develop. People who know they are sensitive should see a healthcare provider after any sting, regardless of severity.
A person with a severe insect allergy should always carry an Epi-pen or Ana-kit. Those who have severe allergies should learn what to do when bitten or stung. It is a good idea to teach coworkers and family members how to respond as well. A medic alert bracelet should be worn.
Many people are sensitive without knowing it. Prevention is the key once it is known that there is an allergy to an insect bite or sting. If sensitive, avoid walking barefoot when outdoors. Do not disturb beehives or hornet nests. Keep garbage cans tightly covered to avoid attracting insects.
Some people are highly sensitive to mosquito bites and develop large local reactions. The chance that this can develop into a system wide reaction is highly unlikely. To avoid mosquito bites keep the body covered and use an insect repellent.
Treat mild insect bites for pain with a paste of baking soda. Apply a cold, wet cloth, or ice cubes. Over-the-counter products, such as hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion, reduce itching and swelling. Treat mosquito bites with calamine lotion or by taking an antihistamine.
Last Reviewed 2005
Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.
HIL File ALLE4156.rf2 VRS# 4156 Data Version 7.0 Copyright 1999-2000, 2002-2003 McKesson Health Solutions LLC. All rights reserved. |
