Arthritis: what is it?

Arthritis is an inflammatory disorder of the joints that may produce pain and swelling that lasts a lifetime. It affects and limits everyday activities and is a leading cause of disability. Millions of people have arthritis.

Joints are composed of two or more bones, cartilage that cushions and separates the bones, and ligaments that attach the bones together. When joints become injured or diseased, they swell. Over 100 types of arthritis affect the joints and connective tissues of the body.

Inflammation is a normal part of the body's defense system. It is a natural reaction to injury. Inflammation causes swelling, pain, and redness. It also decreases motion in the affected area. With arthritis, inflammation becomes part of the problem. It causes tissue damage that the body tries to handle by creating more inflammation. This painful cycle of destruction damages the joint and limits its function.

The cause of arthritis is unknown, although clues are being uncovered. For example, people with certain gene types are prone to certain forms of arthritis. Certain types of infections can trigger the onset of arthritis.

Each type of arthritis has different symptoms and patterns and each requires different treatments. The most common forms of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, followed by fibromyalgia, gout, scleroderma, and juvenile arthritis.

Some forms of arthritis go through cycles of getting better and worse. A flare-up means the disease is more active. During this time, there is increased morning stiffness, more pain and swelling in the joints, involvement of new joints, and increased tiredness and fatigue.

If you are having symptoms of arthritis, see your healthcare provider for a proper evaluation, diagnosis, and a treatment plan. Treatment for most forms of arthritis includes medications, exercise, and rest. Joint protection and surgery are sometimes needed as well.

Last Reviewed 2005

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

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