Sickle-cell Anemia

Sickle cell anemia is a worldwide health problem. It affects many races, countries, and ethnic groups. It is a disease that is passed through families. One in 12 African Americans carry the sickle cell gene. That means they can pass the defect onto their children even though they do not have the disease. In the United States, about 1 in 400 African American newborns have it.

In people with sickle cell anemia, red blood cells change shape. The cells take on a crescent or sickle-shaped form that blocks small blood vessels. Due to this blockage, body tissues do not receive adequate blood and oxygen supply and injuries result. These blockages can cause painful episodes that affect almost any system of the body. Organs can be severely damaged. The signs and symptoms of the disease vary in nature and severity. They depend on the organ or body system involved.

Sickle cell crises may start suddenly and last from a few days to several weeks. Some people with the disease have painful episodes only once a year. Others may have as many as 15 to 20 episodes annually. Pain is the most common symptom. Sickle cell crises may be brought on by an infection, cold weather, or dehydration caused by prolonged vomiting and diarrhea. Sometimes crises occur for no apparent reason. Most people can manage these episodes at home. Some people have severe disease and may require frequent hospitalization.

Babies with sickle cell anemia can develop an enlarged spleen. This happens when large amounts of red blood cells are trapped in the liver and spleen. Parents can be taught how to feel for this so it can be detected and treated early.

It's important for people with sickle cell problems to drink extra fluids. Getting childhood immunizations on time, good wound care, good dental care and a balanced diet help prevent infections. Recently, research on bone marrow transplants has shown promise as a potential treatment.

For more information, contact the Sickle Cell Disease Association of America at (800) 421-8453.

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