Spinal Instrumentation

Abnormal curves of the spine may develop during a child's growth spurts before reaching adolescence. As a child grows, these abnormal curves become more evident. Scoliosis is the name given to these abnormal curves of the spine. In rare cases, other medical problems can create scoliosis.

Most people who have abnormally curved spines are treated with strengthening exercises or braces. Occasionally, however, surgical correction, called spinal instrumentation, is required. During these operations, pieces of metal and bone are placed into the spaces between the back bones. The goal of these operations is to correct the curve and keep the abnormality from recurring, by fusing the joints of the vertebrae, or spine bones.

Rods placed in the back are based on how the spine is curved. There are two major types of rods; they are called distraction and compression rods. Compression rods are placed on the outside of the curves and are used to compress, or shorten, the curve. Distraction rods are placed on the inner side of the curves, and are used to push out, or lengthen, the curves. People with scoliosis may require one or both types of rods, depending on what abnormal curvature is present. After surgery a patient may be placed in plaster casts for a few months to keep from moving the rods.

Patients usually require at least a few days in the hospital after surgery. Full healing takes at least 12 to 18 months. This time allows the pieces of bone that are placed in the back to heal totally.

During the healing process, strenuous exercise and contact sports should be avoided. Most other activities are encouraged as they speed healing. Remember that adolescence may be a difficult time, and many adolescents who undergo this kind of surgery feel discouraged and sad. If your adolescent feels this way, ask your healthcare provider about any help that may be available.

Most people who have spinal instrumentation surgery do well and have only small scars as a reminder of their operation.

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