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Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in one or both testicles. The testicles are part of the male reproductive organs. They are found in a sac of loose skin, called the scrotum or scrotal sac, which lies directly below the base of the penis.

Testicular cancer is seen most often in young men between the ages of 15 and 35. Males whose testicles have not moved down into the scrotum are at particularly high risk. This is true even for those who have had the surgery to move the testicles into the scrotum.

Testicular cancer is best treated when found early. Self-screening techniques and yearly medical check-ups are important for early detection.

Swelling, or a lump, on the testicle is usually the first symptom. If this is present, testing may be needed. Tests given may include an ultrasound exam and growth removal. The ultrasound exam uses sound waves to make a picture of the inside of the testes. If a suspicious growth is found on ultrasound, a surgeon will remove the entire tumor together with the testicle and spermatic cord. The operation is done through an incision in the inguinal (groin) area. This surgical strategy minimizes the risk that cancer cells will spread during the operation.

Extensive testing, including chest x-ray, CT scan, special blood testing, and others, are needed to determine if the cancer has spread outside of the testicles or the scrotal sac. These tests are done before treatment is started.

In addition to the removal of the testicle (orchiectomy), other types of treatments may include radiation therapy or chemotherapy, especially if the cancer of the testicle has spread to other parts of the body.

To learn more about testicular cancer, contact the UI Health Care Cancer Information Service at 800-237-1225 or 319-356-3000 for more information about this topic.

Last Reviewed 2005

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

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