Congestive heart failure occurs if the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. In congestive heart failure, the blood begins to back up because the heart is not pumping well and the veins, tissues, and lungs become congested with fluid. The body cannot get rid of this fluid.

The most common cause of congestive heart failure is untreated high blood pressure. Persons with high blood pressure are 2-3 times more likely to have heart failure than are persons without high blood pressure. Heart failure can also be caused by damage to the heart muscle from a heart attack or blockage of the arteries, infections, some medications, thyroid problems, and some vitamin deficiencies. Sometimes the heart muscle is injured because there is damage to the heart valves that may force the heart to work very hard to pump the blood.

The symptoms of heart failure are shortness of breath and lack of energy. This is because the heart cannot keep up with the body's needs. In time, the shortness of breath can worsen because fluid begins to build up in the lungs. Fluid can also build up in other places, such as the legs. This fluid buildup is called 'edema.'

There are several treatments for heart failure. In some cases, getting rid of the extra fluid may make it easier for the heart to pump. This is done with medications that increase the flow of urine, called diuretics. Other medications, such as digitalis, may strengthen the heart muscle itself. Still other medications dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure. This decreases the work the heart has to do.

Persons who have heart failure need to pay close attention to their weight and to swelling in their feet and ankles. As fluid accumulates, their weight will increase and their ankles will swell. If this is noted, the patient's healthcare provider should be notified.

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