Controlling plaque

The most common cause of gum irritation is plaque and tartar build up. Plaque consists of bacteria, food debris, and saliva, which form a soft sticky paste on the surface of the gums and teeth.

Good brushing will remove it temporarily. Soon after brushing, it begins to form again. Left on the teeth, plaque will harden (or calcify). This creates tartar (or calculus). Tartar, which is yellow or brown, is not easily removed and forms layers much like scale forms on a kettle. Tartar build-up is an ideal spot for more plaque and bacteria to grow.

Plaque and tartar build up leads to gingivitis, an inflammation of the gum tissues. If gingivitis is left untreated, a more serious disease called peridontitis, or pyorrhea, will occur. This disease affects the bone structure of the underlying teeth. The supporting tissues are slowly destroyed and the teeth eventually become loose and may need to be pulled.

Ways to control plaque and tartar build up include:

• brush and rinse after every meal (If it is not possible to brush after eating, chew sugarless gum as an alternative. Chewing sugarless gum promotes production of saliva and helps neutralize tooth-decaying acids in plaque. The most important time to brush is before going to bed.)
• floss correctly between the teeth at least once a day
• use a water pick to help flush out food from between teeth
• have the teeth professionally cleaned twice a year
• use a mouth rinse to help prevent bacteria buildup in the mouth
• have regular dental checkups
• always use fluoride toothpastes
• have the dental hygienist or dentist suggest a toothbrush that will be most effective
• eat nutritious foods, rich in vitamins and minerals, and varied in texture and
• avoid high sugared, sticky foods, and nuts and seeds if there are deep gum pockets

Last Reviewed 2005

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

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