Health Topics for Digestive System

James A. Clifton Center for Digestive Diseases

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Constipation

Constipation is infrequent bowel movements (fewer than three stools a week) that cause straining or are difficult to pass. It may also include a feeling of not having completely emptied the rectum. Constipation is a very common complaint. To some people, the term refers to stools that are too hard or small.

Other symptoms of constipation are:

• a feeling of abdominal fullness or pressure
• abdominal or back discomfort
• decreased appetite
• nausea or
• headache

The normal number of bowel movements ranges from 3 to 12 per week. A healthy person need not have a bowel movement every day. What is normal for one person is not normal for someone else.

Constipation may result from many different conditions. It can occur during pregnancy, after taking certain drugs or iron pills, or in people with depression. It can occur with inactivity, such as on a long car trip or a long bed rest, a low-fiber diet, inadequate fluid intake, stress or an illness.

Most cases of constipation are mild and not related to any disorders or disease. Many medications, especially those used to treat Parkinson's disease, high blood pressure, or depression, can cause constipation. In rare cases, it may be a sign of a serious condition, such as colorectal cancer or kidney failure. Elderly persons often have constipation. This can be made worse by a poor diet or decreased exercise. They often take drugs that tend to decrease colon activity.

Most people with constipation do not consume enough fiber and fluids. Simple changes in diet may restore regular bowel movements. Be sure to drink plenty of water with each meal and during the day. Eat more fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to increase fiber in your diet. Increased dietary fiber may cause temporary bloating and gas.

The goal is to eat roughly 20 to 30 grams of fiber per day. There are many brands of fiber supplements, including Metamucil, Fibercon, and Citrucel, that can be used. Follow the directions on the containers carefully. Be sure to drink 8 to 12 glasses of water every day, especially when using fiber supplements. Avoid using stimulant laxatives regularly. Occasionally, you can get relief by using an osmotic agent, such as milk of magnesia. Overuse of any laxative can cause more problems.

It helps to go to the bathroom when the urge occurs, such as right after a cup of coffee, a meal, or exercise. Regular exercise also promotes bowel movements.

Your healthcare provider should evaluate any change in your bowel habits, including constipation that lasts more than one week.

Last Reviewed 2005

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

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