Sunglasses: more than fashion

Sunglasses have been worn for comfort and fashion for years. Now we know the right sunglasses and a wide brim hat can protect the eyes.

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light rays, the same rays that cause sunburn, is a risk factor for cataracts and macular degeneration. UV light rays also cause snow blindness and damage to the cornea and retina. Damage can occur in an afternoon outing or build slowly over a period of years. Everyone should wear UV-absorbing sunglasses year round when outside.

Choosing sunglasses that offer maximum protection from the sun will protect the long-term health of the eyes. Buy sunglasses that meet the standards of the American National Standard Institute (ANSI). These glasses have ANSI Z80.3 on the label.

Good sunglass lenses block 75 to 90 percent of visible light. This is sometimes called the "transmission factor" on labels. To protect against ultraviolet light, sunglasses need to block 99 to 100 percent of both UV-A and UV-B rays.

Large sunglasses are better than small ones because they protect against light coming from the sides, top, and bottom of the frames. If you are outdoors a lot, wear wrap-around sunglasses to get the best protection for your eyes. Wide brim hats also protect the eyes from harmful UV rays.

Specialized lenses for certain situations are also available. These lenses also need to be labeled as "Block 99 to 100 percent UV-A and UV-B" or "Block UV up to 400 millimeters."

These specialized lenses include:

• polarized lenses: good for cutting reflected glare when driving
• mirrored coated lenses: reflect light and are good for water and snow sports
• blue blocking: make distant objects appear clearer especially in the snow or haze
• photochromic lenses: respond to the intensity of UV light by lightening or darkening according to brightness and
• gradient lenses: darker at the top than at the bottom; good for driving, but not as good on snow or at the beach

There are some people who are at greater risk for UV related eye damage. People with retinal problems or macular degeneration always need to protect their eyes whenever they go outside no matter how briefly they are outside. People who have had cataract surgery should wear sunglasses and a hat for added protection.

Certain drugs make your eyes more sensitive to light. Your healthcare provider should make you aware of these medications, but if you are on medications and not sure if your medication affects your eyes, talk with your pharmacist.

Last Reviewed 2005

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

HIL File EYES4518.rf2 VRS# 4518 Data Version 7.0 Copyright 1998, 2002-2003 McKesson Health Solutions LLC. All rights reserved.