Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Multiple sclerosis (also known as MS) is a disease that causes inflammation and scarring of tissue in the brain and spinal cord. MS destroys the covering of the nerve fibers in these areas. It prevents signals from the nerve from being sent to other body parts. Flare-ups of the disease may cause loss of function to the body parts that rely on those nerves.

In the United States, about 400,000 people have MS. It occurs more often in families of patients with the disease. Twice as many women have MS as men. It is more common in colder climates than in warmer ones.

Symptoms generally appear between 20 and 40 years of age and may include:

• unusual feeling in the arms or legs or on one side of the face, such as numbness or pins-and-needles
• muscle weakness in an arm or leg
• vision problems such as double vision, blurred vision, partial blindness, or pain in one eye
• loss of coordination and trembling of the extremities
• increased muscle stiffness

In severe cases, symptoms also include:

• constipation
• loss of bladder control and
• paralysis of arms or legs

The cause of MS is still unknown. Genetic factors, viral infections, and imbalances in the immune system are all suspects.

Two types of MS exist. The fluctuating form has periods of getting worse followed by periods of recovery. The chronic form progresses to severe disability. Some people may have mild problems, with no major permanent disability. Others may have severe paralysis and be confined to a wheelchair.

There is no cure or specific treatment for MS. Newer drugs can slow the progression of the disease for many. Other drugs may be given to help some symptoms. Physical therapy helps patients develop strength, coordination, balance, and stamina. Occupational therapy and vocational programs focus on how to cope with daily living and to learn new job skills. The main goal of care for MS patients is to help them function with a greater degree of independence.

Last Reviewed 2005

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

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