Cancer Prevention: What You Need To Know

Vitamins, Antioxidants, and Cancer Prevention

It is estimated that as many as 30 to 35% of all cancers may be associated with poor diets and nutritional habits. Recently, research on certain vitamins and minerals indicates that diets high in foods containing nutrients called antioxidants, lead to lower rates of cancer.

Antioxidants are substances found in the food we eat or in enzymes made in our cells. They can also be manufactured into pills. Scientists think antioxidants can stop potentially harmful atoms (called free radicals) from attacking the genetic information in cells. By deactivating these free radicals, mutations may be prevented from forming, in turn preventing cancer.

Some foods containing antioxidants are citrus fruits, tomatoes, peppers, strawberries, broccoli, peaches, and cabbage. Vitamins A, C, E, beta carotene, and the mineral selenium are being investigated for possible protective abilities against cancer.

Some people take large amounts of antioxidant supplements like Vitamins C and E because they believe it will improve their health. Scientists say there isn’t evidence to support using such large does, and it may even be harmful.

Vitamins are either water-soluble or fat-soluble. The water-soluble vitamins such as B-complex, C and folic acid need regular replacement. Excess amounts of these vitamins are passed out of the body in the urine. The body stores fat-soluble vitamins, such as A, D, E, and K. If taken as supplements, these vitamins are stored in body tissue and fat and can accumulate to harmful levels. Supplements may also cause drug interactions if taken with prescription medications. Anyone who takes medications should check with their doctor or pharmacist before taking supplements.

Antioxidants may possibly interfere with certain cancer treatment regimens due to their protective effects on cells. Patients should be sure their doctor is aware of any supplements, especially anti-oxidants, that they are taking while being treated for cancer.

The best advice to follow now would be to acquire antioxidants, vitamins and minerals through the diet by eating at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily, which would provide a variety of different antioxidants in sufficient amounts.

Where Can I Get More Information?

University of Iowa Resources

• Cancer Information Service (1-800-237-1225)
• University of Iowa Health Care, Dietary Service

Other Resources

• American Cancer Society
• National Cancer Institute
• American Dietetic Association
• American Institute for Cancer Research

If you would like more information on nutrition and cancer or telephone numbers to the above organizations, please contact the Cancer Information Service at 1-800-237-1225 or e-mail: cancer-information@uiowa.edu.

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