Health Topics for Prepare for Emergencies

Department of Emergency Medicine

Emergency Medical Services Learning Resources Center

Minor burns and scalds

The extent of a burn and the degree of damage to the skin determine if a burn is a minor or serious burn. Small areas of first and second-degree burns are considered minor. Hot objects, hot liquids, steam, or the sun can cause these burns.

First-degree burns are red and blanch white when pressure is applied. There is no skin disruption or blistering because they involve only the outside layer of skin. Though painful, they take only 2 to 5 days to heal and do not leave scars.

Second-degree burns are also known as partial-thickness burns. The epidermis (outside layer of skin) is destroyed, and the dermis (inside layer of skin) is damaged. Burned skin is a mottled red and pink, and weepy. Blisters may be present. Superficial second- degree burns are quite painful, but usually heal within 1 to 2 weeks without scarring. Deeper second-degree burns are less painful, but may take several weeks to heal. They often leave scars.

If you witness a burn, or burn yourself, the sooner you act, the better. Remove all burned clothing unless it sticks to the skin. Immerse the affected area in cold clean water for 5 minutes. This will stop further damage from occurring. Do not put ice on the burn. Remove jewelry, belts, or any tight clothing. Do not apply butter or ointments to burns. Use an antiseptic spray to help relieve pain and prevent infection. Do not pop any blisters. They will go away as the skin heals itself. Apply a non-stick clean dressing. Gently change the dressing and clean the area at least once a day, more often if it gets dirty. If blisters break, wash the area with mild soap and water, then apply an antibiotic ointment and a clean dressing.

See a healthcare provider if you notice signs of infection, such as redness around the area, swelling, heat, pus, or failure to heal in a few days.

Seek emergency medical assistance if a burn:

• involves the hands, feet, face, genitals, or a large joint
• is larger than 2 to 3 inches in diameter
• is an electrical burn (deep tissue damage may exist)

Most burns can be avoided with a little common sense. Turn your water heater setting down to 120 degrees Fahrenheit (48.8 degrees Centigrade). Keep pot handles turned away from the stove front. Always wear sunscreen when outdoors.

Last Reviewed 2005

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

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