Thoracentesis

Thoracentesis is the removal of fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall called the pleural space. Accumulation of too much fluid in the pleural space increases the pressure in that space and makes it difficult to breathe. Removing the fluid reduces the pressure and eases breathing. Abnormal fluid in this space can be a result of disease, such as infection, cancer, blood, or lymph disorders. Analysis of fluid samples helps identify the cause.

The procedure does not require hospitalization. A chest x-ray, or ultrasound, is performed first. This identifies the location and the amount of accumulated fluid. During the procedure, the patient usually sits upright with the feet and arms supported. The healthcare provider injects the insertion site with a local painkiller before inserting a needle between the ribs to draw out the fluid. The collected fluid is sent to the laboratory for evaluation to help the healthcare provider diagnose why the fluid had accumulated in the pleural space.

This is a fairly safe procedure. However, it is important not to cough, breathe deeply, or move suddenly while the healthcare provider inserts the needle. Sometimes during needle insertion a lung gets a small puncture. This will cause the lung to collapse a little, which may require treatment. After the procedure, the patient should lie still for about an hour. The patient should notify the healthcare provider right away if breathing becomes difficult or pain develops after the test.

Last Reviewed 2005

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

HIL File RESP3550.rf2 VRS# 4948 Data Version 7.0 Copyright 1999 McKesson Health Solutions LLC. All rights reserved.