Genital Warts

Genital warts are bumps of various sizes on the skin of the genitals. They result from infection with some types of human papillomavirus, or HPV (a common sexually transmitted virus). Sexual contact spreads this viral infection. It is uncommon before puberty or after menopause.

The warts can grow rapidly in the presence of heavy sweating, poor hygiene, or during pregnancy. Certain types of HPV infections may cause abnormal cell growth or cancer of the cervix.

Genital warts can occur in any sexually active person. Sometimes they pass from an infected mother to her baby at birth. Warts usually appear on moist surfaces about 2 months after exposure. They start as tiny red or pink swellings that can grow up to 4 inches. If several grow in the same area, they may appear like a cauliflower. If infected with bacteria, they take on a foul odor. Sometimes warts develop in the urethra. However, most patients report no symptoms. Many are unaware of the warts until discovery during a physical examination. A few complain of itching, pain, or odor.

Treatment is to remove the warts. There is no effective therapy to get rid of the viral infection completely. Treatment of small warts is usually an acid mixture applied directly on them. One should never use this acid during pregnancy. One must also avoid contact with eyes and healthy tissue around warts. Other methods for larger warts include freezing, laser treatment, and cautery. Warts often resolve on their own. However, warts may recur even after treatment.

HPV infection should be watched closely in women, even when no symptoms occur. The reason is that HPV may cause cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the second most common reproductive cancer in women.

Women exposed to HPV should have an annual Pap test. A Pap test can detect a cervical problem before it is actually cancer.

You can reduce your risk of getting genital warts by using condoms. It also greatly reduces risk to have only one sexual partner who has no other partners. If you or your sexual partner have symptoms of genital warts, do not be embarrassed to consult your healthcare provider.

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