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Bleeding Abnormalities: Postmenopausal

Menopause is the stage of life when women have had no periods for one year or more. When this occurs naturally, menstrual bleeding should not start again. Bleeding after menopause may have many harmless causes. However, as women age, cancer risk increases, so all bleeding should be checked. Bleeding can occur from many areas, such as the rectum, vagina, and urinary system. An exam will usually be needed to help find the source.

Some causes of bleeding from the vagina include:

• intercourse

• any thing left inside, like a tissue or tampon

• infections

• blood diseases

• medicines or hormones taken for other problems

• growths in the vagina or womb, such as polyps or

• dry vagina due to reduced hormone levels

To find the cause and treatment you may need to have the following tests:

• complete vaginal examination

• sampling of cells from the womb, including a Pap smear

• a test using sound waves called ultrasound, to see inside the pelvis, or

• an examination with a small scope that goes inside the body to examine and sample tissue

Treatment may not be needed. If treatment is necessary, it may include hormones, antibiotics, or surgery. Most causes of bleeding after menopause are easily treated.

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