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Genetic Counseling

Genetic counseling can help people who are concerned about passing a genetic disorder to their child, or who are concerned about the possibility of having a child with a birth defect. Genetic information may be used when planning a pregnancy, or when already pregnant. Genetic counselors are trained to take a careful medical and family history.

There are tests for many genetic disorders that can identify a carrier of a disorder. If pregnant, a sample of the after-birth or fluid around the baby can be taken and tested. If one or both parents are found to be carriers of a disorder, the counselor can help determine the risk of this disorder in their child.

Of every 100 children born, two to three will have a genetic defect. There are three causes:

• a baby may inherit one or more abnormal genes from his or her parents, such as in cystic fibrosis or hemophilia

• a mutation (or change) may have occurred in the egg or sperm cell, such as in muscular dystrophy or

• faulty cell division may have occurred, such as in Down Syndrome

Genetic counseling should be considered by pregnant women:

• who are over age 35

• who have had a stillborn baby

• who have been exposed to chemicals known to harm babies or

• if they or their partner have a known genetic defect

Genetic counseling can be confusing. Thinking carefully about your beliefs and goals will help prepare you to make choices that are best for you and your family. It's very important to discuss your choices and options before you find out any test results. The time between a test and the results may be several weeks. This time can be used to prepare a plan of action with the support of family and caregivers.

Not all health plans cover the cost of genetic counseling. Be sure to check with your health plan. The Alliance of Genetic Support Groups 800-336-4363 offers support and information. Your local March of Dimes can help as well.

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