Contraceptive Methods For Women

Today, the birth control methods available are safe and more reliable than ever before. However, they are only as good as your ability to use them according to directions. So, choose a method that matches your lifestyle.

Tubal ligation and vasectomy are the most reliable and most permanent forms of birth control. In a tubal ligation, the fallopian tubes are cut or tied off, so eggs can no longer be fertilized. In a vasectomy, the vas deferentia are cut or tied so sperm can no longer be ejaculated with the semen. Minor surgery is needed for both procedures.

The birth control pill is very effective and can be safely used by most women. A physical exam and a prescription are needed to obtain this form of birth control. To be effective, pills must be taken once a day, every day, at the same time everyday. Most people have no side effects from birth control pills, except lighter and less painful periods. If other effects occur, pill type and dosage can usually be adjusted to reduce or eliminate them.

Progesterone-based methods using implants or shots eliminate the need for daily pills. These methods also require an exam, as well as repeated visits every three months to get the shots. Progesterone implants are put under the skin in the arm and are effective for 3 years. Side effects can be more confusing with progesterone methods, so careful review with a healthcare provider is needed before using this method.

IUD's, or intra-uterine devices, are a safe alternative for some women. The IUD is placed in the uterus by a healthcare provider and can be relied on for a period of years. One risk of IUD use is the possibility of infection, especially for women who have multiple sex partners. Serious infections can cause infertility, which is the inability to have babies. That is why IUDs are safe only in women with low risk sex, such as married women with only one partner.

Barrier methods include diaphragms, cervical caps, and latex or plastic condoms for men or women. These have the least side effects, but are also the least reliable. The diaphragm and cap need to be fitted to you by a healthcare provider who will help you understand how to place and use them. Sexually transmitted diseases are less common in users of these forms, especially the condom. So, use latex or plastic condoms with other birth control methods for increased protection against such diseases as AIDS and gonorrhea.

Natural birth control methods are also reliable when used together and regularly. Your faith community may have information to share about these methods. Your local library or bookstore will have information as well.

If you have questions or concerns about birth control, ask your healthcare provider.

Copyright (c) 1999. HBO & Company (602) 230-7575. All Rights Reserved.